All-Inclusive Sex Reassignment Surgery

No, most surgical procedures (e.g., genital organ restructuring and mastectomy) are irreversible. Although some effects of hormone therapy are reversible, some effects, such as changes in voice and body hair, are permanent.

While it varies depending on the procedure, the full recovery period for primary gender affirmation surgeries typically lasts between 6 weeks and 6 months. The emergence of full and final results may take up to 1 year.

After Vaginoplasty (MTF), a regular practice called dilation (widening) is essential to maintain the patency of the newly created vaginal canal and prevent tissue narrowing. This is a critical part of a lifelong maintenance routine, although the frequency decreases over time.

Phalloplasty generally aims to restore both sensory and urinary function. Erection is usually provided by an implanted prosthesis months after surgery. Sensitivity and sexual satisfaction vary from person to person.

As with any major surgical procedure, general risks such as infection, bleeding, wound dehiscence, anesthetic reactions, and thrombosis (clot) exist. Risks specific to gender affirmation surgeries include tissue necrosis, fistula formation, urinary problems, and dissatisfaction with aesthetic outcomes.

Yes. Most gender affirmation surgeries (Hysterectomy, Orchiectomy, Oophorectomy) result in permanent infertility. It is important for individuals who wish to have biological children to consider fertility preservation options such as egg or sperm freezing before surgery.

FFS is a set of procedures performed on Male-to-Female (MTF) individuals to give the facial features a more feminine appearance. This includes procedures such as forehead contouring, brow lift, rhinoplasty, jaw and cheekbone contouring, and tracheal shave .

It is vital. Psychological counseling and support help the individual explore their gender identity, manage expectations related to the process, adapt after surgery, and cope with the challenges of social transition.

The legal process varies greatly by country. In Turkey, legal gender change (changing the name and gender marker on identity documents) is possible by court order and is usually contingent on the completion of the surgical procedure.

Return to sexual activity is a process that is possible with the surgeon’s approval, usually requiring a wait of at least 6-8 weeks after the surgery. Adherence to this period is critical for full recovery and comfort.

While a single procedure refers only to one operation (e.g., only mastectomy), the term All-Inclusive (Comprehensive) generally refers to a treatment package where multiple surgical procedures, such as primary sex organ surgeries, facial aesthetics (FFS), or body contouring, are offered under one umbrella and coordinated manner.

The cost varies widely depending on the scope of the procedure, the country, and the surgical team’s experience. In some countries and with private insurance, these surgeries and hormone therapy may be partially or fully covered, provided medical necessity is documented. It is recommended to seek specialized health consulting for current insurance coverage in Turkey.

• Estrogen (MTF) Side Effects: Risk of blood clots (thrombosis), changes in liver function, weight gain, and migraines.
• Testosterone (FTM) Side Effects: Changes in liver function, high blood pressure, increased cholesterol levels, acne on the skin, and increased red blood cells. All effects must be managed under doctor supervision with regular blood tests.

Smoking constricts blood vessels, reducing the amount of oxygen supplied to tissues. This severely compromises wound healing and increases the risk of complications (such as tissue loss), especially in surgeries involving tissue transfer, such as vaginoplasty and phalloplasty. It is mandatory to quit completely at least 4-6 weeks before surgery.

No, the gender affirmation process is individual. No procedure other than primary genital surgeries is mandatory. The individual decides which parts of their body they wish to align with their identity.

Hormone blockers can be used at the onset of puberty. Age limits for hormone therapy and surgical procedures vary by country. In Turkey, surgical procedures are generally permitted for individuals aged 18 and over, under certain legal and medical conditions.

Post-operative pain is usually intense for the first few days but is controlled with medication. Intravenous (IV) painkillers are used in the hospital, and continued with prescribed oral medication after discharge. The goal is not to eliminate the pain entirely, but to reduce it to a tolerable level.

Yes. A person’s gender identity is valid and recognized regardless of surgical or hormonal changes. Medical processes (hormones or surgery) are tools used to align the body with the person’s identity, not to validate their identity.

Even after surgical procedures (removal of gonads – Orchiectomy/Oophorectomy), hormone therapy (Testosterone or Estrogen) is generally required to be continued lifelong for the body’s healthy functioning. Hormone levels are regularly monitored to determine a dosage appropriate for the person’s age and health status.